3: 45 p.m. S13 The Adjuvant Effects of MIP-1, MIP-3 and MIP-3 on the Induction of Gag-Specific Immunity with HIV-1 DNA Vaccine R. Song1, S. Liu2, J. Wen2, K. W. Leong2 1Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. S14 Differences in Conformation and Epitope Exposure Between Neutralization Resistant Primary and Neutralization Sensitive T-Cell Line Adapted HIV-1 M. Leavitt1, P. Bouma1, C. Broder1, D. Dimitrov2, J. Robinson3, S. Zolla-Pazner4, G. Quinnan1 1Uniformed Services of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 2National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 3Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, 4Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY. S15 DNA Encoding a HIV-1 Gag lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein LAMP ; Chimera Elicits Strong B- and T-Cell Gag-Specific Immune Responses in Rhesus Monkeys P. R. Chikhlikar1, L. Barros de Arruda1, M. Maciel Jr1, B. Byrne2, P. Silvera3, M. Lewis3, E. T.A. Marques1, J. Thomas August1 1Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 2University of Florida, Gaineszille, FL, 3Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research Institute, Frederick, MD. S16 Evaluation of a Subunit Vaccine Formulation Containing HSV-2 gD and IL-12 or MPL in Prophylactic and Therapeutic Guinea Pig Models of Genital Herpes J. Strasser1, S. Gangolli2, J. Kowalski2, C. Chaulk1, S. Bhargava2, A. Abramovitz2, D. Bernstein1, T. Zamb2, D. Long2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 2Viral Vaccine Research, Wyeth Research, Pearl River, NY. S17 Mucosal Immunization with a Recombinant Chlamydia Trachomatis High Molecular Weight Protein Protects Mice Against Heterotypic Genital Infection H. Lu, A. M. Harris, G. S. Nabors, W. J. Jackson Antex Biologics, Gaithersburg, MD. S18 An Hsp65-HBV Core Antigen Fusion Protein Primes HbcAg-Specific CTL Responses in Immunologically Tolerant HBV Transgenic Mice L. S. D. Anthony1, S. G. Winslow2, H. Liu1, G. Rowse1, B. Wu1, A. Recktenwald1, J. G. Julander2, L. A. Mizzen1, J. D. Morrey2, M. I. Siegel3 1Stressgen Biotechnologies Corporation, Victoria, BC, CANADA, 2Utah State University, Logan, UT, 3Stressgen Biotechnologies Inc., Collegeville, PA and thiamin.

Blood pressure, dietary fats and antioxidants, 1226 diet and blood cholesterol, 1161 socioeconomic status and adiposity: in young adult men, 544 in young adult women, 535 Postmenopause estrogens, diet and breast cancer, 787 oral glucose and calcium absorption, 1471 Potassium dietary, blood pressure and calcium intake and, 1463 metabolism, high protein, sucrose or starch meal and, 1219 total body: during lactation, 44 protein-sparing modified fast and, 91 Potato meal, digestion and metabolic effects, 1418 Pregnancy aerobic exercise during, riboflavin and thiamin status and birth outcome and, 110 vitamin B-6 status and, 117 body fat mass estimates in, 24 coffee consumption during, iron deficiency anemia and, 645 counseling the pregnant vegetarian, 901 low income female, nutrition supplementation. See WIC program outcome of, WIC program and, 412, 439 vegetarian patient: counseling, 901 foodguidesfor, 913 zinc metabolism in, glucose loading and, 664 Premenopause estrogens, diet and breast cancer, 787 high fat intake and lactogenic hormone bioactivity, 791 Presidential address the brick whose time has come 1987 ; , 165 on the shoulders ofgiants 1988 ; , 929 Prolactin. See Lactogenic hormones Proteases, riboflavin deficiency and rat ; , 626 Protein catabolism, stress, depletion and or malignancy and, 144 deposition, in low-birth-weight infant, 951 dietary: calcium utilization and, 880 mineral metabolism and insulin secretion and, 1219 inUSNavySEALtrainees, 1316 digestion and absorption, lactase deficiency and, 1126 excess intake, nitrogen balance and, 1015 metabolism, carnitine infusion and rat ; , 570 requirements, in infants, 1403 restriction, in diabetic nephropathy, 230 turnover, abnormalities during pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis, nutrition supplementation and, 235 Protein hydrolysate, in oral hydration solutions, sodium and water absorption and rat ; , 84 Proteinuria, protein restriction in diabetic patient and, 230 Pyridoxal phosphate plasma, in males, vitamin B-6 feeding studies, 122 Pyridoxal phosphate plasma: in males, vitamin B-6 feeding studies, 122 during pregnancy, aerobic exercise and, 117 plasma and erythrocyte levels, age and, 1284 4-Pyridoxic acid, urinary excretion, age and, 1284 Pyridoxine glucoside, in plant foods, vitamin B-6 bioavailability and, 863 Radionuclide studies alanine flux in obese and healthy subjects, 1010 gastrointestinal transit and absorption ofsolid foods and thioguanine Experiments.32, 33, 36 It should be pointed out that HU and perhaps by extrapolation ; other low-toxicity cell-cycle inhibitors could provide a relatively nontoxic procedure for increasing both the HSC number and the fraction that is induced or retained in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. It shall be important to identify an appropriate cell-cycle blocker where the effects are reversible and have no toxicity to HSCs when used in vivo. Remarkably, KTLS subsets isolated from HU-treated mice retained their HSC biologic activity as demonstrated by competitive reconstitution assays. The population of KTLS cells, as well as their subsets, the G0 G1 Rh123lo and S G2 M Rh123mid KTLS cells, were able to efficiently reconstitute mice with multiple blood cell lineages. In this study, about one in five KTLS cells isolated from HU-treated mice contributed to blood cell production, while one in seven engrafted clones provided LTMR. These engraftment frequencies were much higher than the historical data, where engraftment frequencies of 1 in transplanted Thy1.1loLin0 loSca-1 cells could contribute to blood cell production, while 1 in 5 engrafted clones provided LTMR.27, 28 It is possible that improvements in the isolation and or handling of mouse HSCs contributed to improved engraftment efficiencies eg, inclusion of c-kit mAbs increases the purity9, 10 ; . Since the number of KTLS cells in BM increases after HU treatment, one can speculate that the total LTMR activity from BM can be increased with this conditioning. It shall be of interest to test whether HU treatment triggers an activation of HSCs so that they ``home'' to appropriate hematopoietic microenvironments more effectively. Nevertheless, the G0 G1 Rh123lo fraction contains HSCs with the greatest proliferative and self-renewal potential. While the S G2 M Rh123mid fraction is less able to sustain long-term proliferation, this may be explained by a commitment of many of these cells, like other transient HSCs, 12 to selfrenew less and differentiate faster, ie, differential homing to long-term hematopoietic microenvironments.37 If these results from mouse HSCs reflect a similar potential in human HSCs, there are a number of potential therapeutic opportunities that could result from ``conditioning'' of HSC donors with HU. HU is a relatively inexpensive drug that has been a human pharmaceutical for decades. Also and tipranavir.

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